Currently, the legislative framework to make standards mandatory and enforceable exists through action of the regulatory authority in the United States (through FERC) and in the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, and Quebec.  Of these, only FERC has taken action to approve reliability standards as mandatory and enforceable.  In addition, standards become mandatory and enforceable upon NERC board action in the Canadian provinces of Manitoba (Manitoba Hydro only), New Brunswick, Ontario, and Saskatchewan.